bilization and CRISPR-edited enzymes, which enhance catalytic efficiency and scalability. By synthesizing recent advances, this review underscores enzymatic modification as a transformative strategy for designing functional starch-based materials. Its integration with emerging technologies, such as AI-driven enzyme optimization, positions it as a cornerstone for green nanotechnology and sustainable industrial solutions, offering significant potential for high-impact applications.
Graphical Abstract
Native starch can be transformed via hydrolysis, transglycosylation, or branching modification i