Publication History
Received
28 September 2025
Accepted
6 February 2026
Revised
4 February 2026
Published
online 20 February 2026
Published
in issue 10 March 2026
research-article
Copyright © 2026 American Chemical Society and Division of Chemical Education, Inc.
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) and automation techniques have promoted the rapid development of scientific fields such as chemistry, biomedicine, and materials science, where multiple variables and tremendous data collection are required in experiments. By incorporating machine learning (ML), an independently devised digital